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No. 116Language4 minviews 27

Published by GK Library Annex

Everyone says OK, but where did it come from?

Two letters people around the world use many times a day. What did they mean at first?

A feather quill, a glass inkwell, a stack of blank paper and a star-patterned brass button on a wooden desk

OK first appeared in a Boston newspaper in 1839 as the initials of "oll korrect," a deliberate misspelling of "all correct." A newspaper joke spread through the next year's presidential election, and today the word is used all over the world.

A misspelling joke

In the late 1830s, newspapers in Boston and New York enjoyed a fad of misspelling phrases on purpose and using only their initials. "No go," for example, became "know go" and was written K.G.

The "o.k." printed in the Boston Morning Post on March 23, 1839, was one of these. The writer glossed it as "all correct," but the two letters really stood for the mangled spelling "oll korrect." Readers found the humor in that wrong spelling.

Saved by an election

Most of these fads were quickly forgotten, but OK survived thanks to the 1840 presidential election. Martin Van Buren, running for a second term, was nicknamed "Old Kinderhook" after his hometown, and his supporters formed "O.K. Clubs" and used the two letters like a slogan.

Van Buren lost the election, but OK stuck in people's mouths and settled in as a way to say "good" or "no problem."

A common misconception

Many stories have circulated about where OK came from, including claims that it came from the Choctaw word "okeh," from Wolof in West Africa, or from Scots.

Then in 1963, linguist Allen Walker Read combed through old newspapers one by one and found the 1839 article. Since then, the newspaper-joke explanation has been the most widely accepted, and most major English dictionaries follow it.

Gestures vary by country

Saying OK works almost everywhere, but it is wise to be careful with the hand sign made by forming a circle with your thumb and index finger. In Korea and Japan it can mean money, and in parts of France it reads as "worthless." In some places, such as Brazil, it is taken as a rude gesture.

When you want to say "good" while traveling, it is safer to say OK out loud or simply nod than to rely on the hand sign.

OK began in 1839 as a newspaper joke that deliberately misspelled "all correct," and spread through the next year's presidential election.

Notes and references · Allen Walker Read, American Speech 38 (1963). Study that identified the first newspaper use of OK (Boston Morning Post, 1839). Allan Metcalf's OK (2010) follows the same account. Other origin theories lack solid evidence.

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Quick quiz

In the 1839 newspaper where it first appeared, what did o.k. stand for?

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